"Sterilization"

Sterilization is crucial in the medical field to prevent infections and ensure patient safety. Various sterilization methods are used depending on the type of instruments, materials, and level of sterilization required. Here are the main sterilization processes:

1. Heat-Based Sterilization

• Autoclaving (Steam Sterilization): Uses high-pressure saturated steam (121–134°C) for a specific time to kill all microbes, including spores. Suitable for surgical instruments, textiles, and glassware.
• Dry Heat Sterilization: Uses hot air at high temperatures (160–180°C) for a longer time. Ideal for powders, oils, and instruments that may corrode in moist conditions.

2. Chemical Sterilization

• Ethylene Oxide (EtO) Sterilization: A gas-based method used for heat- and moisture-sensitive medical devices. Highly effective but requires aeration to remove toxic residues.
• Hydrogen Peroxide Plasma Sterilization: Uses vaporized hydrogen peroxide and plasma to sterilize medical instruments rapidly without high heat.
• Peracetic Acid Sterilization: Involves liquid peracetic acid, commonly used for endoscopes and surgical instruments.
• Glutaraldehyde & Formaldehyde Sterilization: Used for high-level disinfection and sterilization of delicate instruments.

3. Radiation Sterilization

• Gamma Radiation: Uses high-energy gamma rays to sterilize disposable medical supplies like syringes, gloves, and implants.
• Electron Beam (E-Beam) Sterilization: Similar to gamma radiation but uses high-energy electrons. Faster but less penetrating.
• Ultraviolet (UV) Sterilization: Uses UV light to kill microorganisms. Used mainly for surface and air sterilization rather than deep sterilization.

4. Filtration Sterilization

• Membrane Filtration: Used for sterilizing heat-sensitive liquids and gases, such as vaccines, antibiotics, and IV fluids.